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Title: Catlogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralgicas

Author: E. Hermitt and G. Bodenbender

Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159]

Language: Spanish

Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1


***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATLOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALGICAS***





                           REPBLICA ARGENTINA

                        MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA
                 DIVISIN DE MINAS, GEOLOGA  HIDROLOGA



          Catlogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralgicas

                                ESCOLARES

                    E. HERMITT  - Jefe de la Divisin

               G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Seccin Geologa



                              BUENOS AIRES
          Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorolgica
                                   1905






I. CARACTERES MORFOLGICOS


CRISTALES--(sueltos  en agregados).

Cubo de Pirita de    No 5a   No 5a*
hierro
Deltoedro del         92
Analcima
Dodecaedro            72     34* y 34a*
rmbico, Deltoedro
 combinacin de
los dos (Granate)
Pirmide hexagonal    26a
del Cuarzo
Pirmide hexagonal    26     16*
con prisma del
Cuarzo
Romboedro del         43     23* y 24*
Espato calizo
Escalenoedro del      44
Espato calizo
Cristales rmbicos    64
(prisma con
pinacoide) de la
Baritina
Prisma monoclnico    59
con hemipirmide
(incompleta) del
Yeso
Prisma monoclnico    90
del Feldespato

NOTA.--Los nmeros con estrella se refleren  la coleccin escolar
primaria, los otros  la coleccin escolar secundaria.

TEXTURA DE DE LOS AGREGADOS. (Forma interior)

1)  _Agregados
granulosos._
(Grano grueso,
medio grueso y
fino, con
transiciones al
fibroso y
laminar).
Hierro magntico         35    19*
Mrmol                   50    43*
Sal comn                40    20*
Yeso, etc                62    30*
2)  _Agregados
fibrosos_.--(Gruesos,
medio
gruesos,finos,
paralelos,
radiados,
reticulados,
etctera).
Yeso                     60    29*
Boronatrocalcita         42    22*
Asbesto                  84    36*
3) _Agregados
laminares_--hojosos,
micceos.
Yeso                     61
Mica                     74    33*
Hematita, etc.           21
4) _Agregados
homogncos_.
Onix-Mrmol              19    26*

NOTA.--Los agregados compactos estn en contraposicin  los porosos.

FORMAS EXTERIORES DE LOS AGREGADOS.

1) _Estalactitas_     47
2) _Alambres y
chapas_:
Oro, Plata, Cobre     2, 3, 4    2*, 3*, y 4*
3) _Concreciones_:
Tosca                 51         44*
Boronatrocalcita      42         22*
4) _Drusas_.
(Secreciones):
Espato de cal         43
Analcima              92
5) _Costras,
revestimientos,
pegaduras_:
Azurita               58         28*
Descloizita           71
6)
_Eflorescencias_:
Alumbre               65
Sulfato de            66
magnesio
7) _Embutidas_:
Granate en            73
feldespato, etc.
Hierro cromfero      36
en Serpentina
8) _Vetas             19
filones_.
(Agregados de
orden superior)
Galena, blenda,
etc., con cuarzo 
espato de hierro,
etc.
FSILES.--(Formas
orgnicas)
Plantas fsiles       100        50*
(carbonizadas)
Madera fsil           34        18*
silicificada
Animales fsiles       99        49*
SEUDOMORFISMO.
(Epigenias):
Hierro pardo en         6
cubos, por
descomposicin de
pirita de hierro
MACLAS. (Gemelos),
mltiples,
caracterizados por
estriamiento sobre
los planos de
clivaje.
Espato de cal          45





II. CARACTERES FSICOS


CLIVAJE, ( cruceros):

A) Segn la
posicin de los
planos de clivaje:
1)  _Octadrico:_
Hierro magntico      35
2)  _Cbico:_
Galena                 7         6*
3)  _Rombodrico:_
Espato de cal         45 y 46    23* y 24*
4)  _Prismtico:_
Antimonita            12
Enargita              17
B) Segn el grado
de perfeccin:
1) _Sumamente
perfecto_:
Mica                  74         33*
2) _Muy perfecto_:
Galena                7 y 8      6*
Espato de cal         45 y 46    23* y 24*
3) _Imperfecto 
muy imperfecto._
Cuarzo                26 y 27    16*
Granate               72

FRACTURA.--A) Segn la forde la superficie:

1) _Concoidal_:
(factura del
vidrio grueso)
(Obsidiana).
2) _Desigual_:
Pirita de hierro     5
Cuarzo               86         17*
3) _Llana_.
Piedra Crnea.
B) Segn la
calidad de de la
superficie:
_Lisa_:
Piedra crnea y
Calcedonia.
2) _Astillosa_:
Triplita             70
3) _Erizada_:
Oro, Plata, Cobre    2, 3, 4    2*, 3* y 4*
4) _Terrosa_:
Hematita ocrcea     22         11*
Kaolina              94         37*

DUREZA.--Escala de dureza:

1) Talco            80
2) Yeso             62    30*
3) Espato de cal    45    23*
4) Espato fluor     41    21*
5) Apatita          69
6) Ortoclasa        91    35*
7) Cuarzo           28    16*
8) Topacio.
9) Corindn.
10) Diamante.



1) Minerales muy
blandos, rayados
por la ua (grados
1 hasta 3)
Oro, Plata, Cobre     2, 3, 4    2*, 3* y 4*
Galena                7          6*
Sal comn             40         20*
Yeso                  60 y 63    29* y 30*
Mica                  74         33*
Kaolina               94         37*
2) Minerales que
no son rayados por
la ua, pero si
por la punta de un
cuchillo (grados 3
hasta 5).
Blenda                10         7*
Calcita               43         22*
Espato fluor          41         21*
3) Minerales que
no son rayados por
la punta de un
cuchillo (grados 6
en adelante).
Feldespato.          No 91       No 35*
Cuarzo                28         16* y 17*
Granate etc.          72         34*

TENACIDAD _1_) _frgiles:_

Pirita de hierro     5           5*
Cuarzo              26 etc.     17*
Caliza etc.         43         22* y 23*
2) _Sectiles:_       9
Chalcosina
Talco               81
3) _Maleables_       2, 3, 4     2, 3, 4*
(ductil): Oro,
Plata, Cobre
4) _Elsticos:_     74          33*
Mica
5) _Flexibles_
(Clorita, Talco,
Asbesto).

LUSTRE a)--_Segn
cantidad. Mui
lustroso:_
Mica                       74            33*
Espato de Islanda         45            23*
_Lustroso:_
Galena                      7             6*
Granate                    72            34*
_Poco lustroso:_
Feldespato                 91            35*
Berilo                     88
_Mate:_
Caolina                    94            37*
_b) Segn calidad:
Metlico:_
Oro, Plata, Cobre           2, 3, y 4     2*, 3* y 4*
Pirita de hierro            5             5*
etc.
_Diamantino:_
(Diamente)--_Vidrioso:_
Espato de cal              45              23*
Cuarzo (sobre las caras    26            16*
de los cristales
_Grasoso:_ (              26 y 27       16 y 17*
resinoso): Cuarzo sobre
los planos de de
fractura)
Wolframita (sobre los      67            31*
planos  de fractura
_Perlado:_ (nacarado).
Mica                       74            33*
Crisotila                  83            36*
_Sedoso:_
Wolastonita                85
Aragonita                  52
Alumbre                    65
Boronatrocalcita           22            22*

DIAFANIDAD:
_Transparente:_
Espato de Islandia      45    23*
_Semi-transparente:_
Cuarzo                  26    16*
_Translcido:_
Onyx                    49    26*
_Semi translcido:_
Feldespato              90    35*
_Opacos:_
Oro, Plata, Pirita
de hierro,  etc.

COLOR: _Minerales
incoloros_ (en su
estado puro)
Cuarzo                26    16*
Sal comn             40    20*
Espato de Islandia    45    23*
2) _Minerales con
colores_  propios
(idiocromticos)
Oro, Plata, Cobre.
Pirita de hierro       5     5*
Malaquita             56    28*
3) _Minerales con
colores
accidentales_
(alocromticos)
Cuarzo rosado         29    17*
Onyx--Mrmol          49    26*
Espato-Fluor          41    21*
Granate               72    34*
Feldespato            91    35*

COLORES METLICOS:
_Blancos:_
Blanco de plata        3     4*
(Blanco de estao)
_Amarillos:_
De oro                 2     2*
De bronce              5     5*
De latn              13     9*
_Gris:_
De plomo               7     6*
_Rojo:_
De cobre               4     3*
_Negro:_
De acero hasta
negro de  hierro
Enargita              17    10*
Hematita              20    12*
Pirolusita            24    13*

COLORES NO
METLICOS:
_Blancos_   (tipo
blanco de nieve):
Yeso                 N 60        N 29* y 30*
Caliza                 46 y 47     24* y 25*
Wolastonita            85
_Grises_ (tipo
gris de ceniza):
Tierra de              33
infusorios
_Negros_ (tipo
negro de
terciopelo):
Turmalina             76          32*
Carbn de piedra      97          38*
_Azules_ (tipo
azul de Prusia):
Azurita               58          28*
_Verdes_ (tipo
verde de
esmeralda):
Malaquita             56          28*
Onix-mrmol           49          26*
Crisocola             79
Apatita               69
Epdota               77 y 78
Serpentina            82
_Amarillos_ (tipo
amarillo de
limn).
Azufre                1            1*
Ocre de hierro        39          15*
_Rojos_ (tipo
rojo-carmes):
Hematita ocrcea      22          11*
Cuarzo rosado         29          17*
_Pardos_ (tipo
pardo de castao):
Limonita              37          14*
Triplita              70

RAYA (color del
polvo del
mineral):
1) Minerales
incoloros (al
estado puro) 
alocromticos.
Tienen por lo
comn      un
polvo blanco
 gris:
Cuarzo rosado         29    17*
Espato fluor           4    21*
Turmalina             76    32*
Feldespato            91    35*
2) Minerales con
colores
propios
(idiocromticos).
El color del
mineral y de
su polvo no
difieren 
son por lo menos
parecidos:
Galena (polvo          7     6*
gris-oscuro)
Hematita (polvo       20    11*
rojo-parduzco)
Malaquita (polvo      56    28*
verde)
3)  Minerales
maleables. Se
ponen lustrosos
por frotamiento:
Oro, plata, cobre.

COLORES MULTIPLES
(por agregacin):
Espato fluor         41    21*

COLORES
SUPERFICIALES
(abigarrados,
en mayor parte
debido  una
descomposicin
qumica):
Pirita de cobre    13, 14     9*

IRISACIN:
Espato de
Islandia.

FOSFORESCENCIA:
Cuarzo, Espato
fluor, etc.

DOBLE REFRACCIN:
Espato de
Islandia. etc.

ELECTRICIDAD:
_Azufre_, Cuarzo,
Espato calizo,
Mica, Turmalina.

MAGNETISMO: Hierro   35       19*
magntico

PESO ESPECFICO:
(Densidad)
0,6 ..  1
Kerosene, Agua
1   ..  1,5
Hulla.
1,5 ..  2,0
Alumbre.
2,0 ..  2,5  Yeso,
Sal comn.
2,5 ..  3,0
Cuarzo, Calcita,
Feldespato.
3,0 ..  3,5
Espato Fluor,
Turmalina.
3,5 ..  4,0
Malaquita,
Azurita.
4,0 ..  4,5
Pirita de cobre,
Blenda.
4,5 ..  5,5
Pirita de hierro,
Cobre gris.
5,5 ..  6,5
_Magnetita,_
Chalcosina.
6,5 ..  8
Cerusita,
Casiterita,
Galena.
8,5 .. 10,0
Cobre, Bismuto.
10,0 .. 14,0
Plata, Plomo,
Mercurio.
15,0 .. 21    Oro,
platino.
21,5 .. 23
Iridio.





III. CARACTERES FISIOLGICOS


1) Por frotamiento
emite  olor 
azufre:
Pirita de hierro       5      5*
2) Cuando se le
echa el  aliento
emite olor
terroso:
Kaolina y tierras     94     37*
3) Se pega  la
lengua:
Kaolina y tierras      94    37*
4) Untuoso al
tacto;
Talco                  81
5) Sabor salino:
Sal comn             40     20*
6) Sabor salino
amargo:
Sulfato de            66
magnesio
7) Sabor metlico:
Vitriolo de cobre.





IV. CARACTERES QUMICOS(1)


FUSIBILIDAD 1)
Minerales
facilmente
fusibles (fusibles
con la llama de
una      vela:
Antimonita, Sal
comn.
2) Dificilmente
fusibles       un
globulito:
Granate
(Almandina).
3) Facilmente
fusibles en
astillas finas:
Feldespato.
4) Dificilmente
fusibles en
astillas:
Bronzita.
5) Infusibles  la
llama del
soplete:
Cuarzo.
Segn Kobell, hay
siete      grades
de fusibilidad.
1) Antimonita.
2) Natrolita.
3) Almandina.
4) Actinolita.
5) Ortoclasa.
6) Bronzita.
7) Cuarzo.

SUBLIMACIN:
(total  parcial).
Azufre, Pirita de
hierro,

SOLUBILIDAD: _A)_
En agua:      _Sal
comn._
_B)_ En cido
clorhdrico:
1) Con
desprendimiento de
cido carbnico:
_Caliza._
2) Con
desprendimiento de
cloro:
_Pirolusita._
3) Con
desprendimiento de
cido sulfhidrico:
_Blenda._
_C)_ En cido
nitrico, con
desprendimiento de
bixido      de
nitrgeno (vapores
rutilantes):
_Hierro
magntico._
_D_)  Parcialmente
solubles      en
los cidos:
1) Sulfuros,
solubles en
cido nitrico
concentrado,
con separacion de
azufre: _Blenda,
Pirita de
hierro_.
2) Silicatos
solubles en cido
clorhdrico con
separacin      de
cido slicico.
_a_) Bajo la forma
de polvo
arenoso:
_Serpentina_.
_b_) Bajo la forma
de masa
gelatinosa:
_Wolastonita_.
3)  Wolframatos
solubles      (en
polvo muy fino) en
cido clorhdrico
concentrado,
separndose cido
wolfrmico:
_Wolframita_.
_E_)  Insolubles
en los cidos
_Cuarzo, Espato
fluor_,
_Feldespato_.

DISGREGACON  DE MINERALES
INSOLUBLES EN      LOS CIDOS por
fusin      con carbonatos alcalinos:
_Cuarzo, Feldespato._

INVESTIGACIN DE
LOS COMPONENTES
MS IMPORTANTES.
_Agua_. Agua
higroscpica:
Sal comn.
Agua de
cristalizacin:
Yeso.
Agua de
cristalizacin y
de  constitucin:
Serpentina.
_Acido sulfhdrico
 azufre:_ Galena,
Blenda.
_Acido
clorhdrico:_ Sal
comn.
_cido
fluorhdrico:_
Espato  fluor.
_Acido sulfrico:_
Yeso.
_Acido fosrico:_
Apatita.
_Acido carbnico:_
Espato  de cal,
Cerusita.
_Acido slicico:
Serpentina,
Feldespato,
Wolastonita._
_Cobre:_ Pirita de
cobre.
Crisocola.
_Zinc:_ Blenda.
_Plomo:_ Galena.
Cerusita.
_Hierro:_ Pirita
de hierro.
Hierro magntico.
_Antimonio:_
Antimonita.
Enargita.
_Arsnico:_ Hierro
arsenical.
_Manganeso:_
Pirolusita.
Wolframita.
_Aluminio:_
Alumbre.
Ortoclasa.
_Calcio:_ Espato
de cal.
Yeso.
_Magnesio:_
Sulfato de
magnesio.
_Sodio:_ Sal
comn.
_Potasio:_
Feldespato.





COLECCIN DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO


N.  1 Blenda.
    2 Galena.
    3 Pirita de hierro.
    4 Limonita  Hematita.
    5 Cuarzo.
    6 Pirolusita.
    7 Espato fluor.
    8 Sal comn.
    9 Espato calizo.
    10 Cerusita.
    11 Yeso.
    12 Sulfato de magnesia.
    13 Apatita.
    14 Wolframita.
    15 Serpentina.
    16 Wolastonita.
    17 Crisocola.
    18 Feldespato.





ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACIN DE MINERALES


A) _Minerales
formados en
disoluciones
acuosas por
evaporacin del
agua:_
Sal comn            N 40
Yeso                   59
Calcedonia             31
Cuarzo                 27
cristalizado
B) _Minerales
formados en
disoluciones
acuosas cargadas
de cido
carbnico,     por
evaporacin de
este ltimo._
Espato calizo        N 44, etc.   (dentro de grietas
                                   que cruzan el
                                   mrmol.
Estalactitas           47         (dentro de
                                   cavernas
                                   en caliza).
Travertina             48         (en agua bajo la
                                   accin
                                   de plantas).
Onyx-Mrmol            49         (en aguas
                                   calientes)
C) _Minerales
formados por
procesos qumicos;
par     la accin
del oxgeno,
del cido
carbnico y del
agua:_
1) Limonita, por     N 38
descomposicin
de Pirita de
hierro
3) Cerusita, por       53
descomposicin
de Galena
4) Malaquita por        4
descomposicin
de Cobre
5) Analcima, por       92
descomposicin
de Basalto
6) Caolina, por        94
descomposicin
de Feldespato
D) _Minerales
formados en
una masa fusin
(rocas
eruptivas)_
Feldespato en          91
granito
Cuarzo                 28
Mica en granito       74
Anfibol               86
E) _Minerales en
filones metlicos,
como: Galena,
Pirita de hierro,
Blenda,     etc.,
formados:_
1) por
procedimientos de
disoluciones
acuosas, ej.:
sulfato de hierro,
ha sido
reducido  sulfuro
de hierro,    
2) por accin del
gas sulfhdrico
( sulfuros
alcalinos)
sobre
disoluciones;
ej.: carbonato de
plomo,
transformado en
galena:
3) por sublimacin
de gases    (casos
raros)
4) por reduccin
de sus
disoluciones  de
minerales
compuestos: oro
nativo    por
reduccin de
cloruro    de oro;
cobre nativo    en
parte por
reduccin    de
xido de cobre
(cobre    rojo) 
de malaquita
(carbonato    de
cobre)






***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATLOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALGICAS***



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December 22, 2006

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